04 Apr 2024

Five biofuel myths debunked

Biofuels help energy customers reduce their carbon footprint. Yet myths about them persist. So, what's true and what's false?

Energy choices have never been more important. We consume 4.5 billion tonnes of fossil oil globally every year. Around a quarter of that is for transportation, and millions of rural, off-gas-grid households still rely on oil for heating. The choices we make now about how we fuel our cars, trucks, businesses and homes will be a key factor in how quickly the world reaches net zero1.

DCC Energy is invested in making biofuel and biogases readily available to customers, helping them reach their emissions reduction targets faster.

DCC Energy supplies several biofuels, among which is hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) – a second-generation biofuel that makes a convenient, drop-in alternative to fossil diesel. Second-generation renewable fuels like HVO are often misunderstood, especially when they're confused with first-generation conventional biodiesel (FAME) or with biofuels produced from food such as soy or sugar cane.

Sounds complicated? Don't worry, help is at hand. Read on for the facts behind five common biofuel myths:

Myth 1: Biofuels aren't widely used and will never be a significant replacement for fossil fuels.

Fact: The biofuels market is growing rapidly – and renewable diesel is leading the charge in road transport.

According to the IEA, in 2023 biofuels accounted for 5.6% of all liquid fuel used by transportation globally2 – up from around 4% in 2019. That share is forecast to reach 6.4% by 2030, equivalent to 215 billion litres a year, with renewable diesel among the fastest growing segments in road transport. The global market is projected to roughly double in value by the early 2030s3 as blending mandates tighten and demand grows across road, aviation and maritime sectors.

The direction of travel is clear, even if the pace varies by region. Many commercial fleets have already begun the switch to biofuels. Regulatory obligations on fuel suppliers to increase the mix of biofuels in petrol and diesel, with reduced energy taxes at the pumps in some locations, have also contributed to a steady reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels in parts of Europe and the US. IEA World Energy Outlook suggests that the role of biofuels in transport will continue to be significant in the coming decades, especially in the aviation and maritime sectors, even as electrification accelerates.

Biofuels In Numbers

4.5 billion tonnes of fossil oil is consumed every year
90% reduced carbon emissions delivered by HVO
Myth 2: Biofuels aren't as good as fossil fuels – they're unreliable in extreme cold and may harm your engine.

Fact: Renewable fuels such as HVO can be dropped into existing diesel engines with no modifications required.

HVO is sometimes confused with first generation conventional biodiesel, or FAME, which stands for fatty acid methyl ester and is currently mixed with fossil diesel in a concentration of up to 7% in most markets, and up to 10% in some countries including France. Second generation HVO has a different chemical make-up; it can be used in all diesel engines up to a 100 per cent concentration or be blended in any ratio with fossil diesel.

HVO performs well in extremely cold weather, better than either FAME or diesel. The main reason is its cold filter plugging point (CFPP) – the temperature at which fuel starts to clog a filter – which is lower in HVO than in diesel or FAME blends. This is partly because FAME contains water molecules which are removed during HVO's hydrogenation production process, making HVO more resistant to thickening in low temperatures. HVO also has a higher cetane number than fossil diesel – between 70 and 90, compared with 51 for fossil diesel4 – meaning it combusts more efficiently and performs better when starting the engine.

Myth 4: It's expensive and difficult to switch from regular diesel to a biofuel like HVO.

Fact: HVO is 100% miscible with fossil diesel, so switching doesn't require upfront investment in new equipment such as storage tanks for homes or businesses or modifications to vehicles.

You can use the same trucks to deliver the fuel to off-gas-grid tanks or for back-up power generation, and in general it's easy to fill up trucks or cars on the go in the UK, Ireland, most of Europe, and North America.

HVO has a long shelf life. With good storage conditions, it will keep for up to 10 years, compared with regular diesel which can start to degrade after one year. There is a price-per-litre premium, and many businesses are happy to pay it for a drop-in energy that provides immediate sustainability benefits.

Myth 5: Biofuels cannot be produced in large enough quantities to make a real difference without disrupting food (and feed) supplies.

Fact: The majority of HVO produced in Europe is made from non-food biomass that would otherwise go to waste.

Feedstock options are increasing all the time and technology is progressing. Low-quality byproducts from farming or forestry like rice straw, wood chip or sawdust, and used vegetable fats and oils can be processed into high-quality biofuel. One of the best future feedstocks is municipal waste. Turning waste into fuel saves sending it to landfill – a win-win.

As feedstock innovation continues and demand for cleaner transport fuel grows, biofuels are proving that sustainability and scale don't have to be at odds. For DCC, that means a continued focus on sourcing responsibly, investing in the next generation of renewable fuels, and helping customers make the switch with confidence.

Sources

1 United Nations, Net Zero Coalition – https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition
2 IEA, Renewables 2024: Renewable Fuels – https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2024/renewable-fuels
3 Global Market Insights, Renewable Diesel Market – https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/renewable-diesel-market
4 Crown Oil, HVO Fuel FAQ – https://www.crownoil.co.uk/faq/hvo-fuel-faq/
5 Neste, Safety Data Sheet – Neste MY Renewable Diesel –
https://biofuel-express.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/HVO100-NesteMy-Safety-Sheet-EN.pdf
6 GOV.UK, Greenhouse gas reporting: conversion factors 2026 – https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2026
*Over the full life cycle when made from waste material